cardiac output

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cardiac output

A doctor explains cardiac output using a simple diagram of the heart.

Definition
  1. Noun:
    • The volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit of time: Specifically, it is the amount of blood the ventricles eject into the circulatory system over a given period, typically measured in liters per minute.
Usage
  • Cardiac output is a key physiological measurement in medicine and biology, indicating the heart's efficiency in delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body.
  • It is calculated as the product of heart rate (beats per minute) and stroke volume (volume of blood pumped per beat).
Examples
  • The patient's low cardiac output was a primary concern for the medical team.
  • Exercise training can increase an individual's cardiac output.
  • Cardiac output must be maintained during surgery to ensure adequate organ perfusion.
Advanced Usage
  • "To measure cardiac output": To determine the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, often using specialized medical techniques.
    • The doctors needed to measure the patient's cardiac output to guide treatment.
  • "High/Low cardiac output": Describing states where the volume of blood pumped is above or below normal expected ranges.
    • Heart failure can lead to a state of low cardiac output.
Variants and Related Words
  • Cardiac index: A more precise measurement that adjusts cardiac output for the individual's body surface area.
  • Stroke volume: The amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in a single contraction, a direct component of cardiac output.
  • Heart rate: The number of heartbeats per minute, the other direct component of cardiac output.
Synonyms
  • Heart output: A less common but direct synonym.
  • Pump output: A technical synonym sometimes used in clinical contexts.
Related Phrases
  • Cardiac output monitoring: The continuous or intermittent measurement of cardiac output, often in critical care settings.
    • The patient in the ICU was under cardiac output monitoring.
  • Cardiac output curve: A graphical representation showing the relationship between cardiac output and other factors like atrial pressure.
cardiac output

A doctor explains cardiac output using a simple diagram of the heart.

Noun
  1. the amount of blood pumped out by the ventricles in a given period of time
    • a resting adult has a cardiac output of about three quarts a minute